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- *change.txt* For Vim version 6.0. Last change: 2001 Sep 11
-
-
- VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
-
-
- This file describes commands that delete or change text. In this context,
- changing text means deleting the text and replacing it with other text using
- one command. You can undo all of these commands. You can repeat the non-Ex
- commands with the "." command.
-
- 1. Deleting text |deleting|
- 2. Delete and insert |delete-insert|
- 3. Simple changes |simple-change| *changing*
- 4. Complex changes |complex-change|
- 5. Copying and moving text |copy-move|
- 6. Formatting text |formatting|
-
- For inserting text see |insert.txt|.
-
- ==============================================================================
- 1. Deleting text *deleting*
-
- ["x]<Del> or *<Del>* *x* *dl*
- ["x]x Delete [count] characters under and after the cursor
- [into register x] (not linewise). Does the same as
- "dl".
- The <Del> key does not take a [count]. Instead, it
- deletes the last character of the count.
- See |:fixdel| if the <Del> key does not do what you
- want. See |'whichwrap'| for deleting a line break
- (join lines). {Vi does not support <Del>}
-
- *X* *dh*
- ["x]X Delete [count] characters before the cursor [into
- register x] (not linewise). Does the same as "dh".
- Also see |'whichwrap'|.
-
- *d*
- ["x]d{motion} Delete text that {motion} moves over [into register
- x]. See below for exceptions.
-
- *dd*
- ["x]dd Delete [count] lines [into register x] (linewise).
-
- *D*
- ["x]D Delete the characters under the cursor until the end
- of the line and [count]-1 more lines [into register
- x]; synonym for d$ (not linewise).
-
- {Visual}["x]x or *v_x* *v_d* *v_<Del>*
- {Visual}["x]d or
- {Visual}["x]<Del> Delete the highlighted text [into register x] (for
- {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi}
-
- {Visual}["x]CTRL-H or *v_CTRL-H* *v_<BS>*
- {Visual}["x]<BS> When in Select mode: Delete the highlighted text [into
- register x].
-
- {Visual}["x]X or *v_X* *v_D* *v_b_D*
- {Visual}["x]D Delete the highlighted lines [into register x] (for
- {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). In Visual block mode,
- "D" deletes the highlighted text plus all text until
- the end of the line. {not in Vi}
-
- *:d* *:de* *:del* *:delete*
- :[range]d[elete] [x] Delete [range] lines (default: current line) [into
- register x].
-
- :[range]d[elete] [x] {count}
- Delete {count} lines, starting with [range]
- (default: current line |cmdline-ranges|) [into
- register x].
-
- These commands delete text. You can repeat them with the "." command
- (except ":d") and undo them. Use Visual mode to delete blocks of text. See
- |registers| for an explanation of registers.
-
- An exception for the d{motion} command: If the motion is not linewise, the
- start and end of the motion are not in the same line, and there are only
- blanks before the start and after the end of the motion, the delete becomes
- linewise. This means that the delete also removes the line of blanks that you
- might expect to remain.
-
- Trying to delete an empty region of text (e.g., "d0" in the first column)
- is an error when 'cpoptions' includes the 'E' flag.
-
- *J*
- J Join [count] lines, with a minimum of two lines.
- Remove the indent and insert up to two spaces (see
- below).
-
- *v_J*
- {Visual}J Join the highlighted lines, with a minimum of two
- lines. Remove the indent and insert up to two spaces
- (see below). {not in Vi}
-
- *gJ*
- gJ Join [count] lines, with a minimum of two lines.
- Don't insert or remove any spaces. {not in Vi}
-
- *v_gJ*
- {Visual}gJ Join the highlighted lines, with a minimum of two
- lines. Don't insert or remove any spaces. {not in
- Vi}
-
- *:j* *:join*
- :[range]j[oin][!] Join [range] lines. Same as "J", except with [!]
- the join does not insert or delete any spaces.
- If a [range] has equal start and end values, this
- command does nothing. The default behavior is to
- join the current line with the line below it.
- {not in Vi: !}
-
- :[range]j[oin][!] {count}
- Join {count} lines, starting with [range] (default:
- current line |cmdline-ranges|). Same as "J", except
- with [!] the join does not insert or delete any
- spaces.
- {not in Vi: !}
-
- These commands delete the <EOL> between lines. This has the effect of joining
- multiple lines into one line. You can repeat these commands (except ":j") and
- undo them.
-
- These commands, except "gJ", insert one space in place of the <EOL> unless
- there is trailing white space or the next line starts with a ')'. These
- commands, except "gJ", delete any leading white space on the next line. If
- the 'joinspaces' option is on, these commands insert two spaces after a '.',
- '!' or '?' (but if 'cpoptions' includes the 'j' flag, they insert two spaces
- only after a '.').
-
-
- ==============================================================================
- 2. Delete and insert *delete-insert* *replacing*
-
- *R*
- R Enter Replace mode: Each character you type replaces
- an existing character, starting with the character
- under the cursor. Repeat the entered text [count]-1
- times. See |Replace-mode| for more details.
-
- *gR*
- gR Enter Virtual replace mode: Each character you type
- replaces existing characters in screen space. So a
- <Tab> may replace several characters at once.
- Repeat the entered text [count]-1 times. See
- |Virtual-replace-mode| for more details.
- {not available when compiled without the +vreplace
- feature}
-
- *c*
- ["x]c{motion} Delete {motion} text [into register x] and start
- insert. When 'cpoptions' includes the 'E' flag and
- there is no text to delete (e.g., with "cTx" when the
- cursor is just after an 'x'), an error occurs and
- insert mode does not start (this is Vi compatible).
- When 'cpoptions' does not include the 'E' flag, the
- "c" command always starts insert mode, even if there
- is no text to delete.
-
- *cc*
- ["x]cc Delete [count] lines [into register x] and start
- insert (linewise). If 'autoindent' is on, preserve
- the indent of the first line.
-
- *C*
- ["x]C Delete from the cursor position to the end of the
- line and [count]-1 more lines [into register x], and
- start insert. Synonym for c$ (not linewise).
-
- *s*
- ["x]s Delete [count] characters [into register x] and start
- insert (s stands for Substitute). Synonym for "cl"
- (not linewise).
-
- *S*
- ["x]S Delete [count] lines [into register x] and start
- insert. Synonym for "cc" (linewise).
-
- {Visual}["x]c or *v_c* *v_s*
- {Visual}["x]s Delete the highlighted text [into register x] and
- start insert (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not
- in Vi}
-
- *v_r*
- {Visual}["x]r{char} Replace all selected characters by {char}.
-
- *v_C*
- {Visual}["x]C Delete the highlighted lines [into register x] and
- start insert. In Visual block mode it works
- differently |v_b_C|. {not in Vi}
- *v_S*
- {Visual}["x]S Delete the highlighted lines [into register x] and
- start insert (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not
- in Vi}
- *v_R*
- {Visual}["x]R Currently just like {Visual}["x]S. In a next version
- it might work differently. {not in Vi}
-
- Notes:
- - You can end Insert and Replace mode with <Esc>.
- - See the section "Insert and Replace mode" |mode-ins-repl| for the other
- special characters in these modes.
- - The effect of [count] takes place after Vim exits Insert or Replace mode.
- - When the 'cpoptions' option contains '$' and the change is within one line,
- Vim continues to show the text to be deleted and puts a '$' at the last
- deleted character.
-
- See |registers| for an explanation of registers.
-
- Replace mode is just like Insert mode, except that every character you enter
- deletes one character. If you reach the end of a line, Vim appends any
- further characters (just like Insert mode). In Replace mode, the backspace
- key restores the original text (if there was any). (See section "Insert and
- Replace mode" |mode-ins-repl|).
-
- *cw* *cW*
- Special case: "cw" and "cW" work the same as "ce" and "cE" if the cursor is
- on a non-blank. This is because Vim interprets "cw" as change-word, and a
- word does not include the following white space. {Vi: "cw" when on a blank
- followed by other blanks changes only the first blank; this is probably a
- bug, because "dw" deletes all the blanks; use the 'w' flag in 'cpoptions' to
- make it work like Vi anyway}
-
- If you prefer "cw" to include the space after a word, use this mapping: >
- :map cw dwi
- <
- *:c* *:ch* *:change*
- :{range}c[hange] Replace lines of text with some different text.
- Type a line containing only "." to stop replacing.
- Without {range}, this command changes only the current
- line.
-
- ==============================================================================
- 3. Simple changes *simple-change*
-
- *r*
- r{char} Replace the character under the cursor with {char}.
- If {char} is a <CR> or <NL>, a line break replaces the
- character. To replace with a real <CR>, use CTRL-V
- <CR>. CTRL-V <NL> replaces with a <Nul>.
- {Vi: CTRL-V <CR> still replaces with a line break,
- cannot replace something with a <CR>}
- If you give a [count], Vim replaces [count] characters
- with [count] {char}s. When {char} is a <CR> or <NL>,
- however, Vim inserts only one <CR>: "5r<CR>" replaces
- five characters with a single line break.
- When {char} is a <CR> or <NL>, Vim performs
- autoindenting. This works just like deleting the
- characters that are replaced and then doing
- "i<CR><Esc>".
- {char} can be entered as a digraph |digraph-arg|.
- |:lmap| mappings apply to {char}. The CTRL-^ command
- in Insert mode can be used to switch this on/off
- |i_CTRL-^|. See |utf-8-char-arg| about using
- composing characters when 'encoding' is Unicode.
-
- *gr*
- gr{char} Replace the virtual characters under the cursor with
- {char}. This replaces in screen space, not file
- space. See |gR| and |Virtual-replace-mode| for more
- details. As with |r| a count may be given.
- {char} can be entered like with |r|.
- {not available when compiled without the +vreplace
- feature}
-
- *digraph-arg*
- The argument for Normal mode commands like |r| and |t| is a single character.
- When 'cpo' doesn't contain the 'D' flag, this character can also be entered
- like |digraphs|. First type CTRL-K and then the two digraph characters.
- {not available when compiled without the |+digraphs| feature}
-
- *case*
- The following commands change the case of letters. The currently active
- |locale| is used. See |:language|. The LC_CTYPE value matters here.
-
- *~*
- ~ 'notildeop' option: Switch case of the character
- under the cursor and move the cursor to the right.
- If a [count] is given, do that many characters. {Vi:
- no count}
-
- ~{motion} 'tildeop' option: switch case of {motion} text. {Vi:
- tilde cannot be used as an operator}
-
- *g~*
- g~{motion} Switch case of {motion} text. {not in Vi}
-
- g~g~ *g~g~* *g~~*
- g~~ Switch case of current line. {not in Vi}.
-
- *v_~*
- {Visual}~ Switch case of highlighted text (for {Visual} see
- |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi}
-
- *v_U*
- {Visual}U Make highlighted text uppercase (for {Visual} see
- |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi}
-
- *gU* *uppercase*
- gU{motion} Make {motion} text uppercase. {not in Vi}
- Example: >
- :map! <C-F> <Esc>gUiw`]a
- < This works in Insert mode: press CTRL-F to make the
- word before the cursor uppercase. Handy to type
- words in lowercase and then make them uppercase.
-
-
- gUgU *gUgU* *gUU*
- gUU Make current line uppercase. {not in Vi}.
-
- *v_u*
- {Visual}u Make highlighted text lowercase (for {Visual} see
- |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi}
-
- *gu* *lowercase*
- gu{motion} Make {motion} text lowercase. {not in Vi}
-
- gugu *gugu* *guu*
- guu Make current line lowercase. {not in Vi}.
-
- *g?* *rot13*
- g?{motion} Rot13 encode {motion} text. {not in Vi}
-
- *v_g?*
- {Visual}g? Rot13 encode the highlighted text (for {Visual} see
- |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi}
-
- g?g? *g?g?* *g??*
- g?? Rot13 encode current line. {not in Vi}.
-
-
- Adding and subtracting ~
- *CTRL-A*
- CTRL-A Add [count] to the number or alphabetic character at
- or after the cursor. {not in Vi}
-
- *CTRL-X*
- CTRL-X Subtract [count] from the number or alphabetic
- character at or after the cursor. {not in Vi}
-
- The CTRL-A and CTRL-X commands work for (signed) decimal numbers, unsigned
- octal and hexadecimal numbers and alphabetic characters. This depends on the
- 'nrformats' option.
- - When 'nrformats' includes "alpha", Vim will change the alphabetic character
- under or after the cursor. This is useful to make lists with an alphabetic
- index.
- - When 'nrformats' includes "hex", Vim assumes numbers starting with '0x' or
- '0X' are hexadecimal. The case of the rightmost letter in the number
- determines the case of the resulting hexadecimal number. If there is no
- letter in the current number, Vim uses the previously detected case.
- - When 'nrformats' includes "octal", Vim considers numbers starting with a '0'
- to be octal. Other numbers are decimal and may have a preceding minus sign.
- If the cursor is on a number, the commands apply to that number; otherwise
- Vim uses the number to the right of the cursor.
-
- For numbers with leading zeros (including all octal and hexadecimal numbers),
- Vim preserves the number of characters in the number when possible. CTRL-A on
- "0077" results in "0100", CTRL-X on "0x100" results in "0x0ff". Note that
- when 'nrformats' includes "octal", decimal numbers with leading zeros are
- impossible because they are indistinguishable from octal numbers.
-
- The CTRL-A command is very useful in a macro. Example: Use the following
- steps to make a numbered list.
-
- 1. Create the first list entry, make sure it starts with a number.
- 2. qa - start recording into buffer 'a'
- 3. Y - yank the entry
- 4. p - put a copy of the entry below the first one
- 5. CTRL-A - increment the number
- 6. q - stop recording
- 7. <count>@a - repeat the yank, put and increment <count> times
-
-
- SHIFTING LINES LEFT OR RIGHT *shift-left-right*
-
- *<*
- <{motion} Shift {motion} lines one 'shiftwidth' leftwards.
-
- *<<*
- << Shift [count] lines one 'shiftwidth' leftwards.
-
- *v_<*
- {Visual}[count]< Shift the highlighted lines [count] 'shiftwidth'
- leftwards (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not in
- Vi}
-
- *>*
- >{motion} Shift {motion} lines one 'shiftwidth' rightwards.
-
- *>>*
- >> Shift [count] lines one 'shiftwidth' rightwards.
-
- *v_>*
- {Visual}[count]> Shift the highlighted lines [count] 'shiftwidth'
- rightwards (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not in
- Vi}
-
- *:<*
- :[range]< Shift [range] lines one 'shiftwidth' left. Repeat '<'
- for shifting multiple 'shiftwidth's.
-
- :[range]< {count} Shift {count} lines one 'shiftwidth' left, starting
- with [range] (default current line |cmdline-ranges|).
- Repeat '<' for shifting multiple 'shiftwidth's.
-
- :[range]le[ft] [indent] left align lines in [range]. Sets the indent in the
- lines to [indent] (default 0). {not in Vi}
-
- *:>*
- :[range]> Shift {count} [range] lines one 'shiftwidth' right.
- Repeat '>' for shifting multiple 'shiftwidth's.
-
- :[range]> {count} Shift {count} lines one 'shiftwidth' right, starting
- with [range] (default current line |cmdline-ranges|).
- Repeat '>' for shifting multiple 'shiftwidth's.
-
- The ">" and "<" commands are handy for changing the indentation within
- programs. Use the 'shiftwidth' option to set the size of the white space
- which these commands insert or delete. Normally the 'shiftwidth' option is 8,
- but you can set it to, say, 3 to make smaller indents. The shift leftwards
- stops when there is no indent. The shift right does not affect empty lines.
-
- If the 'shiftround' option is on, the indent is rounded to a multiple of
- 'shiftwidth'.
-
- If the 'smartindent' option is on, or 'cindent' is on and 'cinkeys' contains
- '#', shift right does not affect lines starting with '#' (these are supposed
- to be C preprocessor lines that must stay in column 1).
-
- When the 'expandtab' option is off (this is the default) Vim uses <Tab>s as
- much as possible to make the indent. You can use ">><<" to replace an indent
- made out of spaces with the same indent made out of <Tab>s (and a few spaces
- if necessary). If the 'expandtab' option is on, Vim uses only spaces. Then
- you can use ">><<" to replace <Tab>s in the indent by spaces (or use
- ":retab!").
-
- To move a line several 'shiftwidth's, use Visual mode or the ":" commands.
- For example: >
- Vjj4> move three lines 4 indents to the right
- :<<< move current line 3 indents to the left
- :>> 5 move 5 lines 2 indents to the right
- :5>> move line 5 2 indents to the right
-
- ==============================================================================
- 4. Complex changes *complex-change*
-
- *!* *filter*
- !{motion}{filter} Filter {motion} text through the external program
- {filter}.
-
- *!!*
- !!{filter} Filter [count] lines through the external program
- {filter}.
-
- *v_!*
- {Visual}!{filter} Filter the highlighted lines through the external
- program {filter} (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|).
- {not in Vi}
-
- :{range}![!]{filter} [!][arg] *:range!*
- Filter {range} lines through the external program
- {filter}. Vim replaces the optional bangs with the
- latest given command and appends the optional [arg].
- Vim saves the output of the filter command in a
- temporary file and then reads the file into the
- buffer. Vim uses the 'shellredir' option to redirect
- the filter output to the temporary file.
-
- *=*
- ={motion} Filter {motion} lines through the external program
- given with the 'equalprg' option. When the 'equalprg'
- option is empty (this is the default), use the
- internal formatting function |C-indenting|. But when
- 'indentexpr' is not empty, it will be used instead
- |indent-expression|.
-
- *==*
- == Filter [count] lines like with ={motion}.
-
- *v_=*
- {Visual}= Filter the highlighted lines like with ={motion}.
- {not in Vi}
-
- A filter is a program that accepts text at standard input, changes it in some
- way, and sends it to standard output. You can use the commands above to send
- some text through a filter. Examples of filters are "sort", which sorts lines
- alphabetically, and "indent", which formats C program files (you need a
- version of indent that works like a filter; not all versions do). The 'shell'
- option specifies the shell Vim uses to execute the filter command (See also
- the 'shelltype' option). You can repeat filter commands with ".". Vim does
- not recognize a comment (starting with '"') after the ":!" command.
-
-
- *:s* *:su* *:substitute*
- :[range]s[ubstitute]/{pattern}/{string}/[&][c][e][g][p][r][i][I] [count]
- For each line in [range] replace a match of {pattern}
- with {string}.
- {string} can be a literal string, or something
- special; see |sub-replace-special|.
- When [range] and [count] are omitted, replace in the
- current line only.
- When [count] is given, replace in [count] lines,
- starting with the last line in [range]. When [range]
- is omitted start in the current line.
- Also see |cmdline-ranges|.
- See |:s_flags| for the flags.
-
- :[range]s[ubstitute] [c][e][g][p][r][i][I] [count]
- :[range]&[&][c][e][g][p][r][i][I] [count] *:&*
- Repeat last :substitute with same search pattern and
- substitute string, but without the same flags. You
- may add extra flags (see |:s_flags|).
- Note that after ":substitute" the '&' flag can't be
- used, it's recognized as a pattern separator.
- The space between ":substitute" and the 'c', 'g' and
- 'r' flags isn't required, but in scripts it's a good
- idea to keep it to avoid confusion.
-
- :[range]~[&][c][e][g][p][r][i][I] [count] *:~*
- Repeat last substitute with same substitute string
- but with last used search pattern. This is like
- ":&r". See |:s_flags| for the flags.
-
- *&*
- & Synonym for ":s//~/" (repeat last substitute). Note
- that the flags are not remembered, thus it might
- actually work differently. You can use ":&&" to keep
- the flags.
-
- *g&*
- g& Synonym for ":%s//~/&" (repeat last substitute on all
- lines with the same flags).
- Mnemonic: global substitute. {not in Vi}
-
- *:snomagic*
- :[range]sno[magic] ... Same as ":substitute", but always use 'nomagic'.
- {not in Vi}
-
- *:smagic*
- :[range]sm[agic] ... Same as ":substitute", but always use 'magic'.
- {not in Vi}
-
- *:s_flags*
- The flags that you can use for the substitute commands:
-
- [&] Must be the first one: Keep the flags from the previous substitute
- command. Examples: >
- :&&
- :s/this/that/&
- < Note that ":s" and ":&" don't keep the flags.
- {not in Vi}
-
- [c] Confirm each substitution. Vim highlights the matching string (with
- |hl-IncSearch|). You can type: *:s_c*
- 'y' to substitute this match
- 'l' to substitute this match and then quit ("last")
- 'n' to skip this match
- <Esc> to quit substituting
- 'a' to substitute this and all remaining matches {not in Vi}
- 'q' to quit substituting {not in Vi}
- CTRL-E to scroll the screen up {not in Vi, not available when
- compiled without the +insert_expand feature}
- CTRL-Y to scroll the screen down {not in Vi, not available when
- compiled without the +insert_expand feature}
- If the 'edcompatible' option is on, Vim remembers the [c] flag and
- toggles it each time you use it, but resets it when you give a new
- search pattern.
- {not in Vi: highlighting of the match, other responses than 'y' or 'n'}
-
- [e] When the search pattern fails, do not issue an error message and, in
- particular, continue in maps as if no error occurred. This is most
- useful to prevent the "No match" error from breaking a mapping. Vim
- does not suppress the following error messages, however:
- Regular expressions can't be delimited by letters
- \ should be followed by /, ? or &
- No previous substitute regular expression
- Trailing characters
- Interrupted
- {not in Vi}
-
- [g] Replace all occurrences in the line. Without this argument,
- replacement occurs only for the first occurrence in each line. If
- the 'edcompatible' option is on, Vim remembers this flag and toggles
- it each time you use it, but resets it when you give a new search
- pattern. If the 'gdefault' option is on, this flag is on by default
- and the [g] argument switches it off.
-
- [i] Ignore case for the pattern. The 'ignorecase' and 'smartcase' options
- are not used.
- {not in Vi}
-
- [I] Don't ignore case for the pattern. The 'ignorecase' and 'smartcase'
- options are not used.
- {not in Vi}
-
- [p] Print the line containing the last substitute.
- {not in Vi}
-
- [r] Only useful in combination with ":&" or ":s" without arguments. ":&r"
- works the same way as ":~": When the search pattern is empty, use the
- previously used search pattern instead of the search pattern from the
- last substitute or ":global". If the last command that did a search
- was a substitute or ":global", there is no effect. If the last
- command was a search command such as "/", use the pattern from that
- command.
- For ":s" with an argument this already happens: >
- :s/blue/red/
- /green
- :s//red/ or :~ or :&r
- < The last commands will replace "green" with "red". >
- :s/blue/red/
- /green
- :&
- < The last command will replace "blue" with "red".
- {not in Vi}
-
- Note that there is no flag to change the "magicness" of the pattern. A
- different command is used instead. The reason is that the flags can only be
- found by skipping the pattern, and in order to skip the pattern the
- "magicness" must be known. Catch 22!
-
- If the {pattern} for the substitute command is empty, the command uses the
- pattern from the last substitute or ":global" command. With the [r] flag, the
- command uses the pattern from the last substitute, ":global", or search
- command.
-
- For compatibility with Vi these two exceptions are allowed:
- "\/{string}/" and "\?{string}?" do the same as "//{string}/r".
- "\&{string}&" does the same as "//{string}/".
- *E146*
- Instead of the '/' which surrounds the pattern and replacement string, you
- can use any other character, but not an alphanumeric character, '\', '"' or
- '|'. This is useful if you want to include a '/' in the search pattern or
- replacement string. Example: >
- :s+/+//+
-
- For the definition of a pattern, see |pattern|.
-
- *sub-replace-special*
- When the {string} starts with "\=" it is evaluated as an expression. The
- special meaning for characters as mentioned below does not apply then.
- The whole matched text can be accessed with "submatch(0)". The text matched
- with the first pair of () with "submatch(1)". Likewise for further
- sub-matches in ().
- Be careful: The separation character must not appear in the expression!
- Consider using a character like "@" or "|".
- Example: >
- :s@\n@\="\r" . expand("$HOME") . "\r"@
- This replaces an end-of-line with a new line containing the value of $HOME.
-
- Some characters in {string} have a special meaning:
-
- magic nomagic action ~
- & \& replaced with the whole matched pattern
- \& & replaced with &
- \0 replaced with the whole matched pattern *\0*
- \1 replaced with the matched pattern in the first pair of ()
- \2 replaced with the matched pattern in the second pair of ()
- .. ..
- \9 replaced with the matched pattern in the ninth pair of ()
- ~ \~ replaced with the {string} of the previous substitute
- \~ ~ replaced with ~
- \u next character made uppercase
- \U following characters made uppercase
- \l next character made lowercase
- \L following characters made lowercase
- \e end of \u, \U, \l and \L (NOTE: not <Esc>!)
- \E end of \u, \U, \l and \L
- <CR> split line in two at this point (Type the <CR> as CTRL-V
- <Enter>)
- \r idem
- \<CR> insert a carriage-return (CTRL-M) (Type the <CR> as CTRL-V
- <Enter>)
- \n insert a <NL> (<NUL> in the file) (does NOT break the line)
- \b insert a <BS>
- \t insert a <Tab>
- \\ insert a single backslash
- \x where x is any character not mentioned above: Reserved for
- future expansion
-
- Examples: >
- :s/a\|b/xxx\0xxx/g modifies "a b" to "xxxaxxx xxxbxxx"
- :s/\([abc]\)\([efg]\)/\2\1/g modifies "af fa bg" to "fa fa gb"
- :s/abcde/abc^Mde/ modifies "abcde" to "abc", "de" (two lines)
- :s/$/\^M/ modifies "abcde" to "abcde^M"
-
- Note: In previous versions CTRL-V was handled in a special way. Since this is
- not Vi compatible, this was removed. Use a backslash instead.
-
- command text result ~
- :s/aa/a^Ma/ aa a<line-break>a
- :s/aa/a\^Ma/ aa a^Ma
- :s/aa/a\\^Ma/ aa a\<line-break>a
-
- (you need to type CTRL-V <CR> to get a ^M here)
-
- The numbering of "\1", "\2" etc. is done based on which "\(" comes first in
- the pattern (going left to right). When a parentheses group matches several
- times, the last one will be used for "\1", "\2", etc. Example: >
- :s/\(\(a[a-d] \)*\)/\2/ modifies "aa ab x" to "ab x"
-
- When using parentheses in combination with '|', like in \([ab]\)\|\([cd]\),
- either the first or second pattern in parentheses did not match, so either
- \1 or \2 is empty. Example: >
- :s/\([ab]\)\|\([cd]\)/\1x/g modifies "a b c d" to "ax bx x x"
- <
- *:pro* *:promptfind*
- :promptf[ind] [string]
- Put up a Search dialog. When [string] is given, it is
- used as the initial search string.
- {only for Win32, Motif and GTK GUI}
-
- *:promptr* *:promptrepl*
- :promptr[epl] [string]
- Put up a Search/Replace dialog. When [string] is
- given, it is used as the initial search string.
- {only for Win32, Motif and GTK GUI}
-
- *:ret* *:retab*
- :[range]ret[ab][!] [new_tabstop]
- Replace all sequences of white-space containing a
- <Tab> with new strings of white-space using the new
- tabstop value given. If you do not specify a new
- tabstop size, Vim uses the current value of 'tabstop'.
- The current value of 'tabstop' is always used to
- compute the width of existing tabs.
- With !, Vim also replaces strings of only normal
- spaces with tabs where appropriate.
- With 'expandtab' on, Vim replaces all tabs with the
- appropriate number of spaces.
- This command sets 'tabstop' to the new value given,
- and if performed on the whole file, which is default,
- should not make any visible change.
- Careful: This command modifies any <Tab> characters
- inside of strings in a C program. Use "\t" to avoid
- this (that's a good habit anyway).
- ":retab!" may also change a sequence of spaces by
- <Tab> characters, which can mess up a printf().
- {not in Vi}
- Not available when |+ex_extra| feature was disabled at
- compile time.
-
- *retab-example*
- Example for using autocommands and ":retab" to edit a file which is stored
- with tabstops at 8 but edited with tabstops set at 4. Warning: white space
- inside of strings can change! Also see 'softtabstop' option. >
-
- :auto BufReadPost *.xx retab! 4
- :auto BufWritePre *.xx retab! 8
- :auto BufWritePost *.xx retab! 4
- :auto BufNewFile *.xx set ts=4
-
- ==============================================================================
- 5. Copying and moving text *copy-move*
-
- *quote*
- "{a-zA-Z0-9.%#:-"} Use register {a-zA-Z0-9.%#:-"} for next delete, yank
- or put (use uppercase character to append with
- delete and yank) ({.%#:} only work with put).
-
- *:reg* *:registers*
- :reg[isters] Display the contents of all numbered and named
- registers. {not in Vi}
-
- :reg[isters] {arg} Display the contents of the numbered and named
- registers that are mentioned in {arg}. For example: >
- :dis 1a
- < to display registers '1' and 'a'. Spaces are allowed
- in {arg}. {not in Vi}
-
- *:di* *:display*
- :di[splay] [arg] Same as :registers. {not in Vi}
-
- *y* *yank*
- ["x]y{motion} Yank {motion} text [into register x]. When no
- characters are to be yanked (e.g., "y0" in column 1),
- this is an error when 'cpoptions' includes the 'E'
- flag.
-
- *yy*
- ["x]yy Yank [count] lines [into register x] (linewise).
-
- *Y*
- ["x]Y yank [count] lines [into register x] (synonym for
- yy, linewise). If you like "Y" to work from the
- cursor to the end of line (which is more logical,
- but not Vi-compatible) use ":map Y y$".
-
- *v_y*
- {Visual}["x]y Yank the highlighted text [into register x] (for
- {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi}
-
- *v_Y*
- {Visual}["x]Y Yank the highlighted lines [into register x] (for
- {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi}
-
- *:y* *:yank*
- :[range]y[ank] [x] Yank [range] lines [into register x].
-
- :[range]y[ank] [x] {count}
- Yank {count} lines, starting with last line number
- in [range] (default: current line |cmdline-ranges|),
- [into register x].
-
- *p* *put* *E353*
- ["x]p Put the text [from register x] after the cursor
- [count] times. {Vi: no count}
-
- *P*
- ["x]P Put the text [from register x] before the cursor
- [count] times. {Vi: no count}
-
- *<MiddleMouse>*
- ["x]<MiddleMouse> Put the text from a register before the cursor [count]
- times. Uses the "* register, unless another is
- specified. Using the mouse only works when 'mouse'
- contains 'n' or 'a'.
- {not in Vi}
-
- *gp*
- ["x]gp Just like "p", but leave the cursor just after the new
- text. {not in Vi}
-
- *gP*
- ["x]gP Just like "P", but leave the cursor just after the new
- text. {not in Vi}
-
- *:pu* *:put*
- :[line]pu[t] [x] Put the text [from register x] after [line] (default
- current line). This always works linewise, thus this
- command can be used to put a yanked block as new
- lines.
- The register can also be '=' followed by an optional
- expression. The expression continues until the end of
- the command. You need to escape the '|' and '"'
- characters to prevent them from terminating the
- command. Example: >
- :put ='path' . \",/test\"
- < If there is no expression after '=', Vim uses the
- previous expression. You can see it with ":dis =".
-
- :[line]pu[t]! [x] Put the text [from register x] before [line] (default
- current line).
-
- ["x]]p or *]p* *]<MiddleMouse>*
- ["x]]<MiddleMouse> Like "p", but adjust the indent to the current line.
- Using the mouse only works when 'mouse' contains 'n'
- or 'a'. {not in Vi}
-
- ["x][P or *[P*
- ["x]]P or *]P*
- ["x][p or *[p* *[<MiddleMouse>*
- ["x][<MiddleMouse> Like "P", but adjust the indent to the current line.
- Using the mouse only works when 'mouse' contains 'n'
- or 'a'. {not in Vi}
-
- You can use these commands to copy text from one place to another. Do this
- by first getting the text into a register with a yank, delete or change
- command, then inserting the register contents with a put command. You can
- also use these commands to move text from one file to another, because Vim
- preserves all registers when changing buffers (the CTRL-^ command is a quick
- way to toggle between two files).
-
- *linewise-register* *characterwise-register*
- You can repeat the put commands with "." (except for :put) and undo them. If
- the command that was used to get the text into the register was linewise, Vim
- inserts the text below ("p") or above ("P") the line where the cursor is.
- Otherwise Vim inserts the text after ("p") or before ("P") the cursor. With
- the ":put" command, Vim always inserts the text in the next line. You can
- exchange two characters with the command sequence "xp". You can exchange two
- lines with the command sequence "ddp". You can exchange two words with the
- command sequence "deep" (start with the cursor in the blank space before the
- first word). You can use the "']" or "`]" command after the put command to
- move the cursor to the end of the inserted text, or use "'[" or "`[" to move
- the cursor to the start.
-
- *put-Visual-mode* *v_p* *v_P*
- When using a put command like |p| or |P| in Visual mode, Vim will try to
- replace the selected text with the contents of the register. Whether this
- works well depends on the type of selection and the type of the text in the
- register. With blockwise selection it also depends on the size of the block
- and whether the corners are on an existing character. (implementation detail:
- it actually works by first putting the register after the selection and then
- deleting the selection).
-
- *blockwise-register*
- If you use a blockwise Visual mode command to get the text into the register,
- the block of text will be inserted before ("P") or after ("p") the cursor
- column in the current and next lines. Vim makes the whole block of text start
- in the same column. Thus the inserted text looks the same as when it was
- yanked or deleted. Vim may replace some <Tab> characters with spaces to make
- this happen. However, if the width of the block is not a multiple of a <Tab>
- width and the text after the inserted block contains <Tab>s, that text may be
- misaligned.
-
- Note that after a yank command, Vim leaves the cursor on the first yanked
- character that is closest to the start of the buffer. This means that "yl"
- doesn't move the cursor, but "yh" moves the cursor one character left.
- Rationale: In Vi the "y" command followed by a backwards motion would
- sometimes not move the cursor to the first yanked character,
- because redisplaying was skipped. In Vim it always moves to
- the first character, as specified by Posix.
-
- There are nine types of registers: *registers* *E354*
- 1. The unnamed register ""
- 2. 10 numbered registers "0 to "9
- 3. The small delete register "-
- 4. 26 named registers "a to "z or "A to "Z
- 5. four read-only registers ":, "., "% and "#
- 6. the expression register "=
- 7. The selection registers "* and "+
- 8. The black hole register "_
- 9. Last search pattern register "/
-
- 1. Unnamed register "" *quote_quote* *quotequote*
- Vim fills this register with text deleted with the "d", "c", "s", "x" commands
- or copied with the yank "y" command, regardless of whether or not a specific
- register was used (e.g. "xdd). An exception is the '_' register: "_dd does
- not store the deleted text in any register. Vim uses the contents of this
- register for any put command (p or P) which does not specify a register.
- Additionally you can access it with the name '"'. This means you have to type
- two double quotes. Writing to the "" register writes to register "0.
- {Vi: register contents are lost when changing files, no '"'}
-
- 2. Numbered registers "0 to "9 *quote_number* *quote0* *quote1*
- *quote2* *quote3* *quote4* *quote9*
- Vim fills these registers with text from yank and delete commands.
- Numbered register 0 contains the text from the most recent yank command,
- unless the command specified another register with ["x].
- Numbered register 1 contains the text deleted by the most recent delete or
- change command, unless the command specified another register or the text is
- less than one line (the small delete register is used then). An exception is
- made for these commands: |%|, |(|, |)|, |`|, |/|, |?|, |n|, |N|, |{| and |}|.
- Register "1 is always used then (this is Vi compatible). The "- register is
- used as well if the delete is within a line.
- With each successive deletion or change, Vim shifts the previous contents
- of register 1 into register 2, 2 into 3, and so forth, losing the previous
- contents of register 9.
- {Vi: numbered register contents are lost when changing files; register 0 does
- not exist}
-
- 3. Small delete register "- *quote_-* *quote-*
- This register contains text from commands that delete less than one line,
- except when the command specifies a register with ["x].
- {not in Vi}
-
- 4. Named registers "a to "z or "A to "Z *quote_alpha* *quotea*
- Vim fills these registers only when you say so. Specify them as lowercase
- letters to replace their previous contents or as uppercase letters to append
- to their previous contents.
-
- 5. Read-only registers ":, "., "% and "#
- These are '%', '#', ':' and '.'. You can use them only with the "p", "P",
- and ":put" commands and with CTRL-R. {not in Vi}
- *quote_.* *quote.* *E29*
- ". Contains the last inserted text (the same as what is inserted
- with the insert mode commands CTRL-A and CTRL-@). Note: this
- doesn't work with CTRL-R on the command-line. It works a bit
- differently, like inserting the text instead of putting it
- ('textwidth' and other options affect what is inserted).
- *quote_%* *quote%*
- "% Contains the name of the current file.
- *quote_#* *quote#*
- "# Contains the name of the alternate file.
- *quote_:* *quote:* *E30*
- ": Contains the most recent executed command-line. Example: Use
- "@:" to repeat the previous command-line command.
- The command-line is only stored in this register when at least
- one character of it was typed. Thus it remains unchanged if
- the command was completely from a mapping.
- {not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist|
- feature}
-
- 6. Expression register "= *quote_=* *quote=*
- This is not really a register that stores text, but is a way to use an
- expression in commands which use a register. The expression register is
- read-only; you cannot put text into it. After the '=', the cursor moves to
- the command-line, where you can enter any expression (see |expression|). All
- normal command-line editing commands are available, including a special
- history for expressions. When you end the command-line by typing <CR>, Vim
- computes the result of the expression. If you end it with <Esc>, Vim abandons
- the expression. If you do not enter an expression, Vim uses the previous
- expression (like with the "/" command). If the "= register is used for the
- "p" command, the string is split up at <NL> characters. If the string ends in
- a <NL>, it is regarded as a linewise register. {not in Vi}
-
- 7. Selection registers "* and "+
- Use these register for storing and retrieving the selected text for the GUI.
- See |quotestar| and |quoteplus|. When the clipboard is not available or not
- working, the unnamed register is used instead. {not in Vi}
-
- Note that there is only a distinction between "* and "+ for X11 systems. For
- an explanation of the difference, see |x11-selection|. Under MS-Windows, use
- of "* and "+ is actually synonymous and refers to the |gui-clipboard|.
-
- 8. Black hole register "_ *quote_*
- When writing to this register, nothing happens. This can be used to delete
- text without affecting the normal registers. When reading from this register,
- nothing is returned. {not in Vi}
-
- 9. Last search pattern register "/ *quote_/* *quote/*
- Contains the most recent search-pattern. This is used for "n" and 'hlsearch'.
- It is writable with ":let", you can change it to have 'hlsearch' highlight
- other matches without actually searching. You can't yank or delete into this
- register. {not in Vi}
-
- *@/*
- You can write to a register with a ":let" command |:let-@|. Example: >
- :let @/ = "the"
-
- If you use a put command without specifying a register, Vim uses the register
- that was last filled (this is also the contents of the unnamed register). If
- you are confused, use the ":dis" command to find out what Vim will put (this
- command displays all named and numbered registers; the unnamed register is
- labelled '"').
-
- The next three commands always work on whole lines.
-
- :[range]co[py] {address} *:co* *:copy*
- Copy the lines given by [range] to below the line
- given by {address}.
-
- *:t*
- :t Synonym for copy.
-
- :[range]m[ove] {address} *:m* *:mo* *:move* *E134*
- Move the lines given by [range] to below the line
- given by {address}.
-
- ==============================================================================
- 6. Formatting text *formatting*
-
- :[range]ce[nter] [width] *:ce* *:center*
- Center lines in [range] between [width] columns
- (default 'textwidth' or 80 when 'textwidth' is 0).
- {not in Vi}
- Not available when |+ex_extra| feature was disabled at
- compile time.
-
- :[range]ri[ght] [width] *:ri* *:right*
- Right-align lines in [range] at [width] columns
- (default 'textwidth' or 80 when 'textwidth' is 0).
- {not in Vi}
- Not available when |+ex_extra| feature was disabled at
- compile time.
-
- *:le* *:left*
- :[range]le[ft] [indent]
- Left-align lines in [range]. Sets the indent in the
- lines to [indent] (default 0). {not in Vi}
- Not available when |+ex_extra| feature was disabled at
- compile time.
-
- *gq*
- gq{motion} Format the lines that {motion} moves over. The
- 'textwidth' option controls the length of each
- formatted line (see below). If the 'textwidth' option
- is 0, the formatted line length is the screen width
- (with a maximum width of 79). {not in Vi}
- The 'formatoptions' option controls the type of
- formatting |fo-table|.
- NOTE: The "Q" command formerly performed this
- function. If you still want to use "Q" for
- formatting, use this mapping: >
- :nnoremap Q gq
-
- gqgq *gqgq* *gqq*
- gqq Format the current line. {not in Vi}
-
- *v_gq*
- {Visual}gq Format the highlighted text. (for {Visual} see
- |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi}
-
- Example: To format the current paragraph use: >
- gqap
-
- The "gq" command leaves the cursor in the line where the motion command takes
- the cursor. This allows you to repeat formatting repeated with ".". This
- works well with "gqj" (format current and next line) and "gq}" (format until
- end of paragraph). Note: When 'formatprg' is set, "gq" leaves the cursor on
- the first formatted line (as with using a filter command).
-
- If the 'autoindent' option is on, Vim uses the indent of the first line for
- the following lines.
-
- Formatting does not change empty lines (but it does change lines with only
- white space!).
-
- The 'joinspaces' option is used when lines are joined together.
-
- You can set the 'formatprg' option to the name of an external program for Vim
- to use for text formatting. The 'textwidth' and other options have no effect
- on formatting by an external program.
-
- *right-justify*
- There is no command in Vim to right justify text. You can do it with
- an external command, like "par" (e.g.: "!}par" to format until the end of the
- paragraph) or set 'formatprg' to "par".
-
- *format-comments*
- Vim can format comments in a special way. Vim recognizes a comment by a
- specific string at the start of the line (ignoring white space). Three types
- of comments can be used:
-
- - A comment string that repeats at the start of each line. An example is the
- type of comment used in shell scripts, starting with "#".
- - A comment string that occurs only in the first line, not in the following
- lines. An example is this list with dashes.
- - Three-piece comments that have a start string, an end string, and optional
- lines in between. The strings for the start, middle and end are different.
- An example is the C-style comment:
- /*
- * this is a C comment
- */
-
- The 'comments' option is a comma-separated list of parts. Each part defines a
- type of comment string. A part consists of:
- {flags}:{string}
-
- {string} is the literal text that must appear.
-
- {flags}:
- n Nested comment. Nesting with mixed parts is allowed. If 'comments'
- is "n:),n:>" a line starting with "> ) >" is a comment.
-
- b Blank (<Space>, <Tab> or <EOL>) required after {string}.
-
- f Only the first line has the comment string. Do not repeat comment on
- the next line, but preserve indentation (e.g., a bullet-list).
-
- s Start of three-piece comment
-
- m Middle of a three-piece comment
-
- e End of a three-piece comment
-
- l Left adjust middle with start or end (default). Only recognized when
- used together with 's' or 'e'.
-
- r Right adjust middle with start or end. Only recognized when used
- together with 's' or 'e'.
-
- O Don't use this one for the "O" command.
-
- x Allows three-piece comments to be ended by just typing the last
- character of the end-comment string as the first character on a new
- line, when the middle-comment string has already been inserted
- automatically. See below for more details.
-
- {digits}
- When together with 's' or 'e': add extra indent for the middle part.
- This can be used to left-align the middle part with the start or end
- and then add an offset.
-
- -{digits}
- Like {digits} but reduce the indent. This only works when there is
- some indent for the start or end part that can be removed.
-
- When a string has none of the 'f', 's', 'm' or 'e' flags, Vim assumes the
- comment string repeats at the start of each line. The flags field may be
- empty.
-
- Any blank space in the text before and after the {string} is part of the
- {string}, so do not include leading or trailing blanks unless the blanks are a
- required part of the comment string.
-
- When one comment leader is part of another, specify the part after the whole.
- For example, to include both "-" and "->", use >
- :set comments=f:->,f:-
-
- A three-piece comment must always be given as start,middle,end, with no other
- parts in between. An example of a three-piece comment is >
- sr:/*,mb:*,ex:*/
- for C-comments. To avoid recognizing "*ptr" as a comment, the middle string
- includes the 'b' flag. For three-piece comments, Vim checks the text after
- the start and middle strings for the end string. If Vim finds the end string,
- the comment does not continue on the next line. Three-piece comments must
- have a middle string because otherwise Vim can't recognize the middle lines.
-
- Notice the use of the "x" flag in the above three-piece comment definition.
- When you hit Return in a C-comment, Vim will insert the middle comment leader
- for the new line, e.g. " * ". To close this comment you just have to type "/"
- before typing anything else on the new line. This will replace the
- middle-comment leader with the end-comment leader, leaving just " */". There
- is no need to hit BackSpace first.
-
- Examples: >
- "b:*" Includes lines starting with "*", but not if the "*" is
- followed by a non-blank. This avoids a pointer dereference
- like "*str" to be recognized as a comment.
- "n:>" Includes a line starting with ">", ">>", ">>>", etc.
- "fb:-" Format a list that starts with "- ".
-
- By default, "b:#" is included. This means that a line that starts with
- "#include" is not recognized as a comment line. But a line that starts with
- "# define" is recognized. This is a compromise.
-
- Often the alignment can be changed from right alignment to a left alignment
- with an additional space. For example, for Javadoc comments, this can be
- used (insert a backslash before the space when using ":set"): >
- s1:/*,mb:*,ex:*/
- Note that an offset is included with start, so that the middle part is left
- aligned with the start and then an offset of one character added. This makes
- it possible to left align the start and middle for this construction: >
- /**
- * comment
- */
-
- {not available when compiled without the |+comments| feature}
-
- *fo-table*
- You can use the 'formatoptions' option to influence how Vim formats text.
- 'formatoptions' is a string that can contain any of the letters below. The
- default setting is "tcq". You can separate the option letters with commas for
- readability.
-
- letter meaning when present in 'formatoptions' ~
-
- t Auto-wrap text using textwidth (does not apply to comments)
- c Auto-wrap comments using textwidth, inserting the current comment
- leader automatically.
- r Automatically insert the current comment leader after hitting
- <Enter> in Insert mode.
- o Automatically insert the current comment leader after hitting 'o' or
- 'O' in Normal mode.
- q Allow formatting of comments with "gq".
- Note that formatting will not change blank lines or lines containing
- only the comment leader. A new paragraph starts after such a line,
- or when the comment leader changes.
- n When formatting text, recognize numbered lists. The indent of the
- text after the number is used for the next line. The number may
- optionally be followed by '.', ':', ')', ']' or '}'. Note that
- 'autoindent' must be set too.
- Example: >
- 1. the first item
- wraps
- 2. the second item
- 2 When formatting text, use the indent of the second line of a paragraph
- for the rest of the paragraph, instead of the indent of the first
- line. This supports paragraphs in which the first line has a
- different indent than the rest. Note that 'autoindent' must be set
- too. Example: >
- first line of a paragraph
- second line of the same paragraph
- third line.
- v Vi-compatible auto-wrapping in insert mode: Only break a line at a
- blank that you have entered during the current insert command. (Note:
- this is not 100% Vi compatible. Vi has some "unexpected features" or
- bugs in this area. It uses the screen column instead of the line
- column.)
- b Like 'v', but only auto-wrap if you enter a blank at or before
- the wrap margin. If the line was longer than 'textwidth' when you
- started the insert, or you do not enter a blank in the insert before
- reaching 'textwidth', Vim does not perform auto-wrapping.
- l Long lines are not broken in insert mode: When a line was longer than
- 'textwidth' when the insert command started, Vim does not
- automatically format it.
- m Also break at a multi-byte character above 255. This is useful for
- Asian text where every character is a word on its own.
- 1 Don't break a line after a one-letter word. It's broken before it
- instead (if possible).
-
-
- With 't' and 'c' you can specify when Vim performs auto-wrapping:
- value action ~
- "" no automatic formatting (you can use "gq" for manual formatting)
- "t" automatic formatting of text, but not comments
- "c" automatic formatting for comments, but not text (good for C code)
- "tc" automatic formatting for text and comments
-
- Note that when 'textwidth' is 0, Vim does no formatting anyway (but does
- insert comment leaders according to the 'comments' option).
-
- Note that when 'paste' is on, Vim does no formatting at all.
-
- Note that 'textwidth' can be non-zero even if Vim never performs auto-wrapping;
- 'textwidth' is still useful for formatting with "gq".
-
- If the 'comments' option includes "/*", "*" and/or "*/", then Vim has some
- built in stuff to treat these types of comments a bit more cleverly.
- Opening a new line before or after "/*" or "*/" (with 'r' or 'o' present in
- 'formatoptions') gives the correct start of the line automatically. The same
- happens with formatting and auto-wrapping. Opening a line after a line
- starting with "/*" or "*" and containing "*/", will cause no comment leader to
- be inserted, and the indent of the new line is taken from the line containing
- the start of the comment.
- E.g.:
- /* ~
- * Your typical comment. ~
- */ ~
- The indent on this line is the same as the start of the above
- comment.
-
- All of this should be really cool, especially in conjunction with the new
- :autocmd command to prepare different settings for different types of file.
-
- Some examples:
- for C code (only format comments): >
- :set fo=croq
- < for Mail/news (format all, don't start comment with "o" command): >
- :set fo=tcrq
- <
- vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
-